twenty-one things tagged “references”
The Quantum Technology Ecosystem – Explained
The Best Things of 2021
- The Best Albums: Pitchfork, Rolling Stone
- The Best Graphic Novels: New York Times, Washington Post, The Guardian
- The Best Movies: New York Times, Empire, The New Yorker
I’ll cache and smush these soon.
Here’s a “Household Income Percentile Calculator for the United States”
In case that site is unavailable, and for the year 2020, it’s an exponential curve with the
- 50th at $67,463
- 75th at $122,500
- 80th at $141,100
- 90th at $201,052
- 95th at $273,850
- 98th at $386,915
- 99th at $594,420
Until not-too-long ago, I used to think that “the top 1%” referred to “few hundreds of millions”-millionaries or billionaires 🤷♂️
BSD for Linux Users
Know Your Cephalopods
(Source unknown)
TIL that (a) tentacles and arms are two different things and (b) there is a lot more diversity to this family1 than I’d imagined!
-
I don’t mean “family” in a taxonomic sense. ↩︎
This is the best guide to Bayes’ Theorem I’ve read so far
Waterfall, Agile, Scrum, Kanban, TDD, BDD, and ATDD
Math in Bash
Lovely stuff. Cached here.
A Guide to BSD for Linux People
PopChart is a collection of infographic charts
The TeX Family Tree History
LaTeX, pdfTeX, XeTeX, LuaTeX and ConTeXt. That’s a lot of TeX! This was most helpful, even though MacTeX solves all my problems.
A Map of Indian Language Families, Languages, and Dialects
How Big is Too Big for JSON?
From over 10 years ago (I’m sorting through my old bookmarks). A single object looks like this:
{
"ACCTOUNT_NUMBER":"1234567890",
"CUSTOMER_NAME":"ACME Products and Services, Inc.",
"ADDRESS":"123 Main Street",
"CITY":"Albuquerque",
"STATE":"NM",
"ZIP":"87101-1234"
}
He tested the usability of a given browser while it loaded between 1 and 1,000,000 such records.
From this test, I am considering the sweet spot to be around 10,000 records at (1.55MB). The maximum number of usable records I would push to a browser would be around 25,000 records (3.87MB). Keep in mind there are numerous factors to keep in mind when determining how many records you should return to your JavaScript application. The purpose of this test was to help identify a general maximum number for conversations around large record sets with JSON.
Would love to see an updated version of the tests.
A Lovely Illustrated Guide to Home Architectural Styles and Structural Elements.
Here’s another list of 36 styles with real examples. (Cached: styles, elements one and two.)
Latency Numbers “Every Programmer Should Know”
From a presentation by Jeff Dean. What about when technology evolves? Here’s a handy visualization. And here’s a way to think about these numbers. Nathan Hurst visualized the distances on Google Maps1.
Operation | Time (ns) | Light Distance (m) | Approximate Light Distance |
---|---|---|---|
L1 cache reference | 0.5 | 0.15 | Diagonal across your smartphone |
Branch mispredict | 5 | 1.5 | Height of Natalie Portman |
L2 cache reference | 7 | 2.1 | Height of Shaq |
Mutex lock/unlock | 25 | 7.5 | Height of a school flag pole |
Main memory reference | 100 | 30 | Half a Manhattan city block (North/South) |
Compress 1K bytes with Zippy | 3,000 | 900 | Width of Central Park |
Send 1K bytes over 1 Gbps network | 10,000 | 3,000 | Width of Manhattan |
Read 4K randomly from SSD* | 150,000 | 45,000 | NYC to Hempstead on Long Island |
Read 1 MB sequentially from memory | 250,000 | 75,000 | NYC to Princeton/Trenton, NJ |
Round trip within same datacenter | 500,000 | 150,000 | NYC to Scranton, PA |
Read 1 MB sequentially from SSD* | 1,000,000 | 300,000 | NYC to Boston, MA |
Disk seek | 10,000,000 | 3,000,000 | NYC to Austin, TX |
Read 1 MB sequentially from disk | 20,000,000 | 6,000,000 | NYC to Paris, France (also the diameter of the Earth) |
Send packet CA → Netherlands → CA | 150,000,000 | 45,000,000 | Once around the equator |
Guide to Book Conditions
Reproduced here via AbeBooks with this caveat:
The definitions below are for reference only. Booksellers use these terms, as well as unique terms not included in this list, based on their own criteria. If you would like clarification on any term in a particular seller’s description, please contact the bookseller directly for further information.
Condition | Description |
---|---|
As New | The book is in the same immaculate condition as when it was published. This could be the description for a book that has been lost in a warehouse for years, never shelved, thumbed or even opened yet may still be some years old. |
Fine (F or FN) | A Fine book approaches the condition of As New, but without being crisp. The book may have been opened and read, but there are no defects to the book, jacket or pages. |
Very Good (VG) | Describes a book that shows some small signs of wear - but no tears - on either binding or paper. Any defects should be noted by the seller. |
Good (G) | Describes the average used worn book that has all pages or leaves present. Any defects should be noted by the seller. |
Fair | Worn book that has complete text pages (including those with maps or plates) but may lack endpapers, half-title, etc. (which must be noted). Binding, jacket (if any), etc., may also be worn. All defects should be noted. |
Poor | Describes a book that is sufficiently worn. Any missing maps or plates should still be noted. This copy may be soiled, scuffed, stained or spotted and may have loose joints, hinges, pages, etc. |
Binding Copy | describes a book in which the pages or leaves are perfect but the binding is very bad, loose, off, or nonexistent. |
Reading Copy | A copy usually in poor to fair condition that includes all text presented in a legible fashion. The copy is fine to read but nothing more. |
Other Descriptors used in Conjunction with the Above Grading Scale
Term | Meaning |
---|---|
Bowed | A condition of the covers or boards of a hard cover book. Bowed covers may turn inward toward the leaves or outward away from the leaves. The condition generally results from a rapid change in the level of moisture in the air and is caused by different rates of expansion or contraction of the paste-down and the outer material covering the board. |
Chipped | Used to describe where small pieces are missing from the edges of the boards or where fraying has occurred on a dust jacket or the edge of a paperback. |
Dampstained | A light stain on the cover or on the leaves of a book caused by moisture such as a piece of food or perspiration. Generally not as severe as waterstains. |
Darkening or Fading | When book covers are exposed to light, the color darkens or becomes more intense. See also tape shadow. |
Edgeworn | Wear along the edges of hardback book covers. |
Ex-library | the book was once owned by, and circulated in, a public library. This book could well be in any of the above general categories but more often than not has been well used. May have library stickers, stamps, or markings. Any former library book must be marked ex-library. |
Foxed / Foxing | Brown spotting of the paper caused by a chemical reaction, generally found in 19th century books, particularly in steel engravings of the period. |
Loose | The binding of a new book is very tight; that is, the book will not open easily and generally does not want to remain open to any given page. As the book is used, the binding becomes looser until a well-used book may lay flat and remain open to any page in the book. |
Made-up Copy | A copy of a book whose parts have been assembled from one or more defective copies. |
Price Clipped | The price has been clipped from the corner of the dust jacket. |
Re-backed | A book that has been repaired by replacing the spine and mending the hinges. |
Re-cased | A book that has been glued back into its covers after having been shaken loose. |
Re-jointed | Means the book has been repaired preserving the original covers, including the spine. |
Shaken | An adjective describing a book whose pages are beginning to come loose from the binding. |
Shelf Wear | The wear that occurs as a book is placed onto and removed from a shelf. It may be to the tail (bottom) edge of the covers as they rub against the shelf, to the dust jacket or exterior of the covers (when no dust jacket is present) as the book rubs against its neighbors, or to the head of the spine which some use to pull the book from the shelf. |
Sunned | Faded from exposure to light or direct sunlight. |
Tight | The binding of a new book is very tight; that is, the book will not open easily and generally does not want to remain open to any given page. As the book is used, the binding becomes looser until a well-used book may lay flat and remain open to any page in the book. |
Trimmed | An adjective indicating that the pages have been cut down to a size smaller than when originally issued. |
Unopened | The leaves of the book are still joined at the folds, not slit apart. |
Working copy | Even more damaged than a reading copy, the working copy will have multiple defects and may even need repair. |
Worming, Wormholes | Small holes resulting from bookworms (the larvae of various beetles.) |
A List of Hacker News ‘Classics’
When you’re following a bunch of feeds, it’s easy to forget that the web is the greatest library in the history of the world—and that a good library doesn’t just have a rack of newspapers, it has a vast collection of books and archives: the stacks.
These are stories that get reposted a lot. Many of them truly are classics.
Getting Naticked
A long time ago, I was solving this puzzle and got stuck at an unguessable (to me) crossing: N. C. WYETH crossing
NATICK
at the “N” — I knewWYETH
but forgot his initials, andNATICK
… is a suburb of Boston that I had no hope of knowing. It was clued as someplace the Boston Marathon runs through (???). Anyway,NATICK
— the more obscure name in that crossing — became shorthand for an unguessable cross, esp. where the cross involves two proper nouns, neither of which is exceedingly well known.NATICK
took hold as crossword slang, and the term can now be both noun (“I had aNATICK
in the SW corner…”) or verb (“I gotNATICKED
by 50A / 34D!”)
Here’s the Urban Dictionary entry. Learned that that “crosswordese” is a thing. Been doing the NYT Crosswords fairly regularly over the past few years and that page has a lot of useful, vowel-y ‘bridge’ words and phrases (e.g. AGRA
, ESAU
, ISAO
, OMOO
, DEUSIRAE
.)
Light Pollution Map
DarkSiteFinder is a map of light pollution around the world.
The maintainer explains why he doesn’t use the Bortle Scale. In Iowa, Lake Sugema and The Whiterock Conservancy appear to be the ‘best’ places to see some (more) stars.
But Why the Dog?
Does The Dog Die? is a publicly curated database of sensitive, “emotional spoilers” for books, movies, TV, and many more categories. Unconsenting Media is a similar database of “sexual violence in broadcasting”.